IN recent years, accords occupy academic discussions. Foremost of this is the Bologna accord. During a consultation meeting on a Commission on Higher Education (CHED) memorandum order, a couple of participants asked me why there are several accords often mentioned along with the K-12 program. That incident triggered the discussion in today’s piece.

Globalization has prompted countries to facilitate integration, rather than pursuing organized human activities quite differently from one another. It’s the time-old saying, “in union, there’s strength.” Accords became governance mechanisms, facilitating collaboration and cooperation among governments. Foremost among these is The Bologna Accord -- an agreement to adopt an overarching framework of cycles in higher education qualifications which materialized after a series of ministerial meetings which began in 1998 of how to level off the differing educational systems of European universities as part of European integration.

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