DEATHS caused by air pollution cost the Philippine economy $2.8 billion in foregone labor output in 2013, according to a study released on Thursday by the World Bank Group and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME).

The unrealized labor productivity translates to 0.45 percent of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP), according to the study “The Cost of Air Pollution: Strengthening the economic case for action.”

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