NELSON CELIS
SINCE the implementation of the Automated Election System (AES) in the 2010 national and local elections by virtue of the AES Law, or RA 9369, we, the electorate, have found ourselves in a digital world where information related to counting, consolidation and canvassing of votes are captured, processed, generated, transmitted, and stored in digital form. In the past three national elections, the precinct count optical scan (PCOS) machine and the vote counting machine (VCM) were the information technologies that were used to convert the shaded ballots into digital images.