WASHINGTON, D.C.: The US Supreme Court on Friday (Saturday in Manila) decided to take up the sensitive issue of gay marriage, hearing challenges to a federal law denying benefits to same-sex couples and California’s ban on such unions.

The high court will likely hear arguments in the cases in March 2013, with rulings to come in June. Same-sex marriage is currently legal in nine states and the federal capital Washington but barred in 30 other states.

Campaigners on both sides of the debate over marriage equality hailed the court’s decision to take up the issue—although they obviously backed differing views as to what constitutes marriage and family.

As analysts predicted, the court took up one challenge to the 1996 Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defines marriage as the legal union of one man and one woman and denies federal benefits to married same-sex couples.

Benefits enjoyed by heterosexual married couples but denied to gays include inheritance rights, tax breaks, filing of joint income tax returns and health insurance coverage.

President Barack Obama’s government does not support this view of marriage and would like the law to be overturned, but conservative campaigners are urging the Supreme Court to rule that the act is constitutional.

The specific case to be heard involves Edith Windsor, a lesbian legally married in Canada who has been told to pay tax on inheriting the estate of her deceased partner.

The high court will rule whether DOMA violates the guarantee of equal protection under the law as guaranteed by the fifth amendment of the US constitution.

It will also decide if the Obama administration’s position that DOMA is unconstitutional deprives the high court of jurisdiction and whether a complaint by some US lawmakers has legal standing.

Justice Elena Kagan, as Obama’s former solicitor general, has recused herself on some of the cases in which she had played a role, but this is one on which she can participate.

The other case taken up was brought by supporters of Prop 8, a referendum that passed in California in 2008 that defined marriage as being between a “man and a woman” but which was overturned by appeallate court.

If the court throws out their appeal, California—the country’s most populous state—will in effect become the 10th state to permit gay marriage.

In Hollingsworth v. Perry, the court will decide whether the 14th amendment of the US constitution, which requires states to provide equal protection under the law to all people, prohibits California from banning gay marriage. The court will also decide whether the petitioners have legal standing in the case.

Justices did not mention what they planned to do with eight other gay marriage petitions they debated behind closed doors.

It is likely that these, along with a last-minute case on the gay marriage ban in Nevada, will not be heard. But the high court could also rule that whatever decision it reaches in June should prevail over all the pending cases not just the ones heard.

As a country, the United States appears to be slowly moving towards tolerating same-sex unions.

An opinion poll by USA Today/Gallup released this week ahead of the court’s decision that showed 53 percent of Americans believe that same-sex marriage should be legal, up from the 40 percent just three years ago.

Among those whose position has evolved over this period is Obama himself, who always backed strong protections for gay and lesbian couples, but only came out openly in favor of homosexual marriage earlier this year.