Many readers have written and wondered why it is that in Japan, government officials quickly leave office in the face of public scandal and the massive failure of public policy—whereas here in the Philippines, our officials cling to their positions like glue, despite the exposure of corruption, perfidy and other sins.

For some weeks now, I’ve been doing research on this intriguing question, and I have looked as well into the practices of other democracies when faced with scandal. In addition to Japan, I researched America’s record of dealing with scandal and corruption.

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