BAODING, China: Chinese state-run energy giant Sinopec has drilled hundreds of wells across the country without finding a single drop of oil. But that was precisely the point: instead of black gold, the almost mile deep holes are providing clean heat for local homes.

While two-thirds of China’s electricity is generated by coal, almost all of the homes in northern Hebei province’s Xiong district—home to 400,000 people—are heated by wells as deep as 1,500 meters.

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