Dear PAO,

My uncle was charged, and the court already rendered a decision last year convicting him. My father, who is my uncle's younger brother, did not know about it until recently. We went to the court where the judgment was rendered, and the personnel there said that it can no longer be appealed at this point because it has already become immutable. Is there any exception to that (rule)?

Lara

Dear Lara,

Judgments rendered by our courts become immutable once they attain finality. When this happens, such judgments can no longer be appealed, assailed, disputed or reversed. For criminal cases, if the order is one for conviction, the accused will have to serve out the penalty imposed upon them by the court and pay the civil liability, if there is any.

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