Muntinlupa at 100: Vision and reinvention

WHEN the then-American governor-general of the Philippines, Francis Burton Harrison, signed Executive Order 108, in 1917, carving out the municipality of Muntinlupa, he probably did not foresee that the vast tract of land—4,673 hectares—would, in 100 years, be the overachieving city that it is today.

But the people who had clamored for its independence as a municipality, did. And that’s why they had struggled to determine their own destiny.